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Most infants develop secure emotional attachments to their caregivers at an early age. They show healthy anxiety when their caregiver is absent, and they show relief when they’re reunited. Some infants develop attachment disorders because their caregivers do not meet their needs. These babies are unable to bond with their caregivers, and they struggle to develop any type of emotional attachment. Secure vs. Insecure Attachments There are two primary attachment styles that can result from early childhood experiences with parents and caregivers: secure and insecure attachments....

Peer counseling is different from seeing a therapist. Therapists are licensed professionals who have been extensively trained to help you learn coping skills and new behaviors to improve your mental health. When you choose peer counseling, there will often be trained listeners or moderators, and group chats or sessions will include people like you who are looking for help. To help you find support, below are our picks for the best online peer counseling services of 2023....

There are two main types of bipolar disorders: bipolar I and bipolar II. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, bipolar I disorder involves episodes of severe mania and often depression. Bipolar II disorder involves a less severe form of mania called hypomania. Symptoms Despite the major difference when it comes to mania in the two types of bipolar disorder, there are quite a few similarities in symptoms....

An estimated 1.4% of the adult population has borderline personality disorder, with roughly three-quarters of the diagnoses occurring in women; although, it is suggested that this is due to high rates of misdiagnosis in men. BPD is one of the many personality disorders recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It is categorized as a cluster B personality disorder, meaning that someone with this type is more likely to be dramatic, overly emotional, and unpredictable in their thoughts or behaviors....

As a pattern of instability in personal relationships is a hallmark of the disorder, it is no wonder that fear of abandonment looms large in the lives of those impacted by BPD. Overview According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the prevalence of BPD in the general population of adults aged 18 and over is around 1.4%. Sex and race have not been shown to impact the prevalence of personality disorders....

Chronic sleep deprivation may be primary or secondary, meaning that it could be a problem in and of itself (e.g., caused by insomnia or anxiety) or caused by some other unrelated issue (e.g., a medical condition). Accumulated sleep debt can lead to impairments in all areas of your life, and fixing the problem can be difficult depending on the cause. That being said, there are steps you can take to cope with sleep deprivation and ensure it does not lead to more serious issues....

The answer to this question can be tricky for a few reasons: Wide variety of effects: Stress affects the body in many different ways. Some of these are obvious, but others may not be as noticeable or easy to detect until they become more severe. Personal differences: Different people are affected more or less intensely and in different ways. Ambiguity of symptoms: The effects of stress often look like symptoms of other illnesses (partially due to the fact that stress lowers immunity and makes us vulnerable to many things), sometimes people mistake symptoms of illness for stress and vice versa....

Community psychology is multidisciplinary. This is a fairly broad and far-reaching subject within psychology, synthesizing elements from other disciplines including sociology, political science, public health, cross-cultural psychology, and social psychology. Psychologists working in this field look at the cultural, economic, social, political, and environmental that shape and influence the lives of people all over the globe. The focus of community psychology can be both applied and theoretical, but it is oftentimes a mixture of both....

There are multiple schools of thought on the subject. Many people fear that if they bottle up their negative feelings about job stress, they may be prone to letting those feelings out at the wrong time or place—like in the boss’ office or in front of co-workers—and that venting to a sympathetic ear in the privacy of one’s own home is a healthier and more practical alternative. Others feel that complaining is a way to spread negativity and that focusing on the positives or distracting oneself is a better path to peace....

The college experience can be even more stressful if you are struggling with the symptoms of panic disorder. You may feel embarrassed about your anxiety symptoms and try to hide them from other students. Perhaps you are worried about having a full-blown panic attack while in class or at a social event. Despite this extra stress, people with panic disorder can have a rewarding time while in college. The following offers some tips to manage panic disorder while attending college:...

Young Children Fears are a normal, healthy part of childhood development. They help children learn to make sense of the world around them and develop coping skills to last a lifetime. For this reason, phobias are generally not diagnosed in kids under the age of 18 unless they last for more than six months and cause clinically significant distress or impairment. Triggers In children, the fear of monsters often takes a nonspecific form....

“Couples therapy can address a wide range of relationship issues, including recurring conflicts, feelings of disconnection, an affair, issues related to sex, or difficulties due to external stressors,” says Brian Mueller, PhD, a psychologist at Columbia University Medical Center who specializes in couples therapy. Some forms of this therapy include marriage counseling, premarital counseling, and family therapy. It is typically a short-term form of therapy. Types of Couples Therapy According to Mueller, there are numerous approaches to couples therapy, which can include:...

The condition is typically treated with medication and therapy, but other techniques and tools are often used to help people manage their symptoms. Fidget toys for ADHD are one tool that are often marketed as a way of improving attention. They are often marketed specifically to kids with promises to help reduce symptoms of ADHD, autism, and anxiety. What Is ADHD? ADHD is one of the most common developmental conditions in childhood....

Almost all outpatient psychotherapy and nutrition therapy office visits were replaced by telehealth sessions delivered virtually. This was really an acceleration of an existing trend—telehealth has been around for almost as long as the telephone, albeit not at its present level of popularity. As a client who may be increasingly offered telehealth sessions, it is important for you to be informed. If you have never had therapy online you may have a lot of questions....

Panic attacks don’t care if you’re driving, busy working, or sound asleep. They can occur at any moment without cause even when you’re trying to enjoy yourself while on vacation. Do you have a big trip coming up and feel worried that panic attacks will ruin your vacation? Read ahead to discover 3 tips for managing your panic attacks while on vacation. Be Prepared If you want to travel with ease, it is important to leave for vacation feeling equipped to get through your panic attacks as they occur....

Dysmorphophobia is a broad term that encompasses multiple specific fears. Some people are afraid of becoming deformed or disfigured, while others fear those who have a disfiguring condition. Some expectant parents worry that their child will be born with a deformity. Symptoms of Dysmorphophobia People with dysmorphophobia often experience intrusive thoughts related to a perceived deformity or a fear of one. For example, they might become excessively concerned or distressed about a scar or mole....

Dysphagia can result in additional medical problems that can be dangerous and even fatal. As a result, it’s essential to diagnose and treat dysphagia in a person with anorexia. This article will start by defining dysphagia and identifying the two kinds of dysphagia that people with anorexia are most likely to experience: functional dysphagia and oropharyngeal dysphagia. It also explores the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of each. What Is Dysphagia?...