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Conjugated Estrogens Premarin is a brand of conjugated estrogens, which are a type of hormonal medication containing a mixture of estrogens. In Premarin’s case, these have been isolated from the urine of pregnant mares: PREgnant MARes’ urINe. It is used to treat symptoms associated with menopause and other low-estrogen conditions, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. It is also used in the prevention of osteoporosis (thinning of the bones) after menopause, some breast, and prostate cancer symptoms, and certain premenopausal conditions....

One of the major debates in psychology has long centered over the relative contributions of nature versus nurture. Those who take up the nurture side of the debate suggest that it is the environment that plays the greatest role in shaping behavior. The biological perspective tends to stress the importance of nature. The Biological Perspective This field of psychology is often referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology. This branch of psychology has grown tremendously in recent years and is linked to other areas of science including biology, neurology, and genetics....

This article will explore why therapy deserts exist, their impact on others, and how you can seek support if you live in a therapy desert. Why Therapy Deserts Exist Rural areas are known for having fewer resources in general. In some areas, it isn’t uncommon to drive over an hour to get groceries or live even further from emergency medical care resources. Mental health care is no exception. Therapy deserts are a complex combination of:...

Did adjectives like outgoing, energetic, or bubbly come to mind? It’s very likely that one of the personality traits you described is related to extroversion, or the tendency to draw energy from being engaged in the world and social situations. Studies do show that the extroverted among us are also more likely to be happier. So what are those of us who identify as introverts to make of this?...

About 40% of Americans may be deficient in vitamin D, with Black and Hispanic adults facing the highest risk of deficiency. Many people can benefit from increasing their vitamin D intake to sufficient levels through sun exposure, diet changes, or—if needed—supplementation as recommended by a physician. While a deficiency of this nutrient is a very common problem, it’s also possible—but rare—to have too much vitamin D. Too much vitamin D, also known as vitamin D toxicity or hypervitaminosis D, can pose some serious health risks....

Prevalence of Stress in Teens In a 2013 survey of adults and teens conducted online on behalf of the American Psychological Association by Harris Interactive Inc., teen reported stress levels during the school year far exceeding what they believed to be healthy (5.8 vs. 3.9 on a 10-point scale). The average reported stress level of adults was 5.1 on a 10-point scale, demonstrating that teens’ feelings of stress rival those of adults....

Part of the problem with unconditional love in relationships is the lack of understanding of what it means. When people think of this type of love, the first thing that comes to mind is a parent’s love for a child or a child’s love for a parent. This type of love depends on nothing other than the familial bond and doesn’t break down based on what the child or parent does—at least in an ideal scenario....

For example, a new sound in your environment, such as a new ringtone, may initially draw your attention or even be distracting. Over time, as you become accustomed to this sound, you pay less attention to it and your response will diminish. This diminished response is habituation. Habituation Examples In order to understand how habituation works, it can be helpful to look at a few different examples. This phenomenon plays a role in many different areas from learning to perception....

Schizoaffective disorder is misdiagnosed with such frequency that some have called to eradicate the disorder from the DSM-5. This is because its symptoms overlap with many other mental illnesses, making it challenging to diagnose, thus increasing barriers to treatment. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that exists on a spectrum, with cyclothymia being the mildest diagnosis and bipolar I being the most severe diagnosis. Due to the variation in this mood disorder, one can imagine how difficult it is to experience those symptoms alongside schizophrenic features....

Domestic abuse affects each person differently, but it impacts everyone both physically and psychologically. It’s often an aggregate of related signs of domestic abuse that tip someone off that a person is at risk. Domestic abuse can happen to anyone regardless of their social, educational, or financial status. While red flags aren’t always proof that someone is being mistreated in this way, they are worth knowing. Many who are abused may try to cover up what is happening to them for a variety of reasons, and it goes without saying that these individuals could benefit from help....

Find out what “SFS” means, how it’s used on WhatsApp, and some potential alternatives to consider. Whether you’re new to social media or just looking to learn more about this abbreviation, this article has covered you. What Does “SFS” Mean? So, what does “SFS” mean? At its core, “SFS” stands for “Shoutout for Shoutout,” which refers to the practice of one person giving a shoutout (a public mention or promotion) to another person in exchange for a shoutout back....

However, because of the nature of this condition, the favorite person connection may sometimes swing between extreme love and attachment, to a strong dislike. This switch may occur when the person with BPD perceives that their emotional needs aren’t being adequately met. What Is A Favorite Person? Explaining this phenomenon, licensed therapist and BPD specialist Lara Slimmer, LPC, NCC explains, “Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder metaphorically straddle a fence each day between normality and abnormality, tranquility and upheaval....

This article will look at what zinc does for the body and mind and why you need to include the recommended daily requirement in your diet. What Happens When You Have a Zinc Deficiency? A zinc deficiency happens when your body isn’t getting enough zinc to function properly. This could be because of a medical condition or a deficit in your diet. It can be improved by making dietary changes or taking zinc supplements....

Smoking cigarettes can lead to nicotine addiction and has been linked to serious health risks including cancer, heart disease, stroke, and death. Even for those who don’t smoke cigarettes, just being exposed to secondhand smoke can have serious health consequences. What’s in Cigarettes Depending on the type of cigarette, the ingredients will vary somewhat. Commercially produced cigarettes manufactured by one of the Big Tobacco companies can and do contain hundreds of additives on top of the tobacco that’s in the cigarettes....

Although it may seem as if 2020 and all its hurdles (the COVID-19 pandemic, political tensions, and social injustice, to name a few) inspired the term “doomscrolling,” it actually likely sprung up on Twitter in 2018, and has been a cultural term ever since. Signs You’re Doomscrolling If you’ve spent several minutes or perhaps even hours engrossed in reading stories or posts online—and they tend to be of the distressing variety—it’s likely that you’ve spent your time doomscrolling....

While many think of masking as a neurodivergent behavior, particularly for autistic people or those with ADHD, people with various diagnoses mask for a variety of reasons. Learn how masking manifests for people with various mental health concerns, the problems it can cause, and how to overcome this habit. What Is Masking? Masking, sometimes referred to as “camouflaging,” occurs when someone attempts to hide their mental health symptoms in an effort to blend in with people around them....

Items consumed vary substantially and can include paper, plastic, cloth, dirt, clay, paint, rocks, soap, cigarette butts, hair, and metal pieces such as coins. Who Does Pica Affect? Although the onset of pica can occur at any age, it most commonly emerges during childhood. Pica appears to be more common among pregnant women and children with developmental and intellectual disabilities. It often occurs along with other disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder....