Psychotherapy, in contrast, tends to explore past issues that might be contributing to present day problems. It often takes place continually or intermittently over a period of years. In actual practice, however, there is a great deal of overlap between the two types of therapies. Understanding some more of the differences between counseling and psychotherapy may be helpful in choosing the type of therapy that will be most effective for you as an individual.
Counseling vs. Psychotherapy
While the same therapist may provide both counseling and psychotherapy, psychotherapy generally requires more skill than simple counseling. It is conducted by professionals trained to practice psychotherapy such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, a trained counselor, or a social worker. That said, a therapist may provide counseling with specific situations and a counselor may function in a psychotherapeutic manner.
Counseling
Technically speaking, “counselor” means “advisor.” It involves two people working together to solve a problem. It is a term that is used in conjunction with many types of advice giving. For example, financial planning and spiritual guidance are both types of counseling. Just about anyone may claim to be a counselor if they are in the role of giving advice. The term counseling may also properly be used to refer to what occurs in a relationship with a psychotherapist. In this setting, the counselor offers guidance and support as the individual figures out ways to better manage life and adjust to change or adversity. There are many types of counselors, such as marriage and family therapists, grief counselors, addiction and substance abuse counselors, and more.
Psychotherapy
“Psychotherapy” on the other hand is generally a longer-term treatment that focuses more on gaining insight into chronic physical and emotional problems. Its focus is on the person’s thought processes, and how these may be influenced by past events such that they cause problems in the present. There are several different types of therapy that fall under the general heading of psychotherapy, including approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and much more.
Similarities
There are many similarities between counseling and psychotherapy, and even with the distinction, counseling often includes some psychotherapy and psychotherapy often includes some counseling. Similarities include:
Development of a healing, safe, and therapeutic relationship between a therapist and an individualEffectiveness for a wide range of people, both adults and childrenUnderstanding a person’s feelings and behaviors, and addressing issues with the goal of improving a person’s life
Differences
While mental health professionals with more advanced degrees (eg. psychology PhD or PsyD) are more likely to provide psychotherapy, the same provider may do both types of therapy. There are some key differences between the providers, however.
How to Choose Between a Counselor and Psychotherapist
When choosing a therapist, it’s helpful to learn about the differences noted above, as well as the background of specific providers and the approaches they use. Sometimes the choice will come down to personal preferences, access, or insurance coverage. You may actually need to talk with a provider or visit for a few appointments before you know which type of therapy is best for you. For example, with some situations it can be difficult to know if it is a short term, a limited problem you are facing (and thus, may fall under conditions best treated with counseling), or if instead there are events or situations in your past that are leading to the current problem.
When You May Wish to See a Counselor
Counseling may be a better option than psychotherapy if:
You have specific issues or short term problems you wish to addressYou wish to learn coping skills to help better manage stress and improve relationshipsYou are coping with life transitions and adjustments, such as divorce or griefYou are coping with addiction issuesYou are looking for someone who is essentially a “coach” who can guide and support you as you learn to recognize problems and formulate healthy solutions yourself
When You May Wish to See a Psychotherapist
A psychotherapist may be a better option if:
You have problems that are significantly impacting your life and relationshipsYou are coping with past trauma, or if you believe situations in the past may be playing a role in your current issuesYour present issues are chronic or recurring concernsYou have a chronic medical condition (such as autoimmune disease, cancer, etc.) that is affecting your emotional well-beingYou have a diagnosed mental health condition such bipolar disorder or a major anxiety disorderYou have seen a counselor and your issues aren’t improving even though you’ve been actively working on solutions
Counseling vs. Psychotherapy for Depression
Both counseling and psychotherapy are used in the treatment of depression, and the choice can depend on the severity of the depression, whether it is a new issue for you or rather an ongoing or recurrent problem and more. As far as the effectiveness of the two approaches, a 2016 study found that counseling was just as effective for the treatment of previously untreated mild to moderate depression diagnosed in primary care. Another 2016 study, however, found that interpersonal psychotherapy was somewhat more beneficial than counseling in adolescents with depression, with respect to both symptoms, and overall functioning over the short-term. That said, a 2018 study looking at the same group found that long term, the effects of counseling were more beneficial.
Preparing for a Visit With Counselor or Psychotherapist
Whether you choose to see a counselor or a psychotherapist, your initial appointment will likely be more rewarding if you do a little homework ahead of time. Doing so will not only help you clarify why you are seeking professional help but will help the provider you see know whether she believes she will be able to help you or not. Before your appointment, make a list of:
Any issues, concerns, or symptoms you are coping with, even if they seem to be unrelated or are not the reason why you are seeking therapyKey personal information, including any major stresses or recent life changesAll medications, vitamins or other supplements that you’re taking, including dosesQuestions to ask your healthcare provider
A Word From Verywell
There are some reasons why you may wish to choose a counselor instead of a psychotherapist, or vice versa, but the most important step is getting started. It can take some time to find a therapist who you fully trust, and you may need to visit a few providers before you find the right fit. Keep in mind that you are the consumer, and it’s OK to shop around. Personalities differ, and the best therapist for someone else may not be the right therapist for you. There was an error. Please try again.
